{"id":2756,"date":"2009-11-01T01:10:28","date_gmt":"2009-11-01T06:10:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/paganpages.org\/content\/?p=2814"},"modified":"2009-10-29T17:20:15","modified_gmt":"2009-10-29T22:20:15","slug":"faeries-elves-other-kin-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/2009\/11\/01\/faeries-elves-other-kin-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Faeries, Elves, &#038; Other Kin"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Do You Take  Your Faeries With or Without Wings?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">Not very long ago, a new reader  of my blog wrote me the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">I have to say that  whenever I come across a word that is new to me, such as &#8220;Faerie&#8221;,  I immediately &#8220;iconoclast&#8221; the current definition I have for  it out of respect (which would be in my mind a faerie is &#8220;a feminine  sprite of metaphysical quality, mischievious [sic] and clad somewhat  in pink&#8221; with alternate spelling)\u2026<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">\u201cClad somewhat in pink.\u201d\u00a0  That description gave me a good giggle, but he left out wings.\u00a0  What do you think about faeries with wings?\u00a0 Are faeries with wings  a valid archetype?\u00a0 If you read book reviews, you\u2019ll find quite  a few people think faeries with wings are just so much fluff and aren\u2019t  to be taken seriously.\u00a0 We\u2019ve all heard the derogatory term \u201cfluffy  bunnies.\u201d  Must we now deal with \u201cfluffy faeries,\u201d too?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">People all over the world,  since time immemorial, have experienced the fae.\u00a0 What these beings  looked like and how they acted may have varied from culture to culture,  but one thing was consistent until the Victorian era:\u00a0 None possessed  wings.\u00a0 Angels had bird-like wings and demons had bat-like wings,  but there were no beings with petal-, leaf-, bee-, moth-, butterfly-  or dragonfly-like wings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">So how and why did faeries  with wings pop into existence?\u00a0 Moreover, why are they still flitting  about?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">In order to answer these questions,  let us look back into history and examine the origins of the fae. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">Some hypothesize faeries were  originally pagan deities (such as the Tuatha De Danann, who were human  in appearance and had no wings).\u00a0 Another theory is that faeries  were the souls of the dead (who were, naturally, thus human in appearance  and had no wings).\u00a0 Still others think faeries arose from folk  memories of aboriginal races (who were thus also human in appearance  and had no wings).\u00a0 Another speculation is that faeries developed  from the ancestral belief in an underworld (and why would creatures  that lived underground have the need for flight or wings?).\u00a0 The  best theory, in my opinion, is that faeries originated as spirits of  nature (and thus explained unexplainable natural phenomena and could  take on any characteristic out of necessity, which includes wings, but  didn\u2019t until something required them). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">What humans fear or do not  understand, they strive to explain as best they can.\u00a0 Just as the  Sumerians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans had gods, goddesses, heroes  and monsters to explain everything from lightning and ocean tempests  to why spring always follows winter and how the sun returns each morning;  all civilizations have to deal with these same problems and questions.\u00a0  Why should faeries not be responsible for or play a role in some of  life\u2019s difficulties and wonders?\u00a0 In pre-Victorian ages, European  peasantry blamed the fae for many natural \u201cdisasters\u201d or else sought  them out for their magical powers or abilities. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">If the milk soured,    it wasn\u2019t because someone let the milk get too warm and bacteria started    to grow.\u00a0 No, clearly a boggart was at fault.\u00a0 Boggarts are    dark and hairy, with long yellow teeth.\u00a0 Boggarts, please note,    have no wings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">If the bride or    groom goes missing before their wedding, it wasn\u2019t because they eloped    or one of them changed their mind.\u00a0 &#8216;Twas trows who stole one or    both of them away.\u00a0 Trows are squat, misshapen and dress in grey.\u00a0    Trows do not have wings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">If you find yourself    lost in familiar territory, it can\u2019t be because you had a wee bit    too much to drink or the fog is especially dense and the moon dark.\u00a0    Why not blame the pixies; you were \u201cpixie-led,\u201d for sure.\u00a0    Pixies dress all in green and are little, with red hair, pointed ears,    turned up noses and short faces.\u00a0 Alas, pixies do not have wings,    either.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">If your child disappears    while playing on the shore of the local lake, you can\u2019t believe it    was simply because they fell into the water, and being unable to swim,    sadly drowned.\u00a0 No, a kelpie carried off your wee bairn.\u00a0    Kelpies appear as harmless grey horses, but once a rider is upon its    back, the kelpie runs into the water, where it drowns and eats the rider.\u00a0    Kelpies are wingless, too.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\"> When things are    going well and times are easy, it isn\u2019t simply because the weather    has been perfect, no armies have plundered your village or farm, no    virulent pestilence has ravaged the land, or you&#8217;re head-over-heels    in love.\u00a0 Luckily, a brownie has moved into your home and farm    to assist in cleaning and tidying up, threshing the grain and churning    the milk.\u00a0 Brownies are small, shaggy-haired and ugly, with flat    faces, wrinkled skin, pinhole nostrils, and short brown curly hair (though    appearance varies from place to place).\u00a0 What they all have in    common, though, is no wings, no wings at all.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">Throughout time, culture and  literature, we find wingless fae beings.\u00a0 Greek heroes took nymphs  as faerie wives.\u00a0 Australian aboriginals say a being called Kutchi  appeared as whirls of dust.\u00a0 In Europe, dust whirls are the sign  of a marching faerie army, while in the Middle East, the Djinn were  the very dust storms themselves.\u00a0 The Greeks did have Pegasus and  Nike, and the Romans had Cupid, but these were individuals, not an entire  winged species.\u00a0 There are some notable exceptions:\u00a0 The first  is griffins and harpies.\u00a0 Hesiod describes harpies as bird-women  and thus neither of these \u201cmonsters\u201d fit into this article\u2019s definition  of winged fae, both having feathers like angels.\u00a0 The second is  dragons and gargoyles.\u00a0 Having leathery wings like bats, these  \u201cmonsters\u201d also do not fit into this article\u2019s definition of winged  fae.\u00a0 For the greater part, fae entities were anthropomorphic or  bestial and got along very well without gossamer wings or fluttering  about.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">It is my contention that the  universal lack of fae with wings until the Victorian age was because  there was no need for them, no role for them to play, nothing for their  presence to explain.\u00a0 If we assume these fae have always been here,  have people been too busy surviving to notice them or even know of their  existence?\u00a0 If we assume these fae have not always existed, why  did people start to see and believe in them?\u00a0 What happened? <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">The industrial revolution is  what happened, beginning in the late 1700s and culminating by the mid-1800s.\u00a0  The industrial revolution created the middle class, where before there  were just two classes:\u00a0 the very rich (who had lots of leisure  time) and everybody else (who had no leisure time). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">With the development of the  middle class came a completely new set of conventions and pastimes,  a completely new set of freedoms and restrictions, a result of not only  a shift in wealth, but also a shift in leisure time.\u00a0 Whereas fairy  tales had once been titillating, salacious and rather bloody amusements  for the rich, they were now nicely sanitized morality tales suitable  for children, thanks largely to the efforts of the Grimm brothers.\u00a0  Fairy tales still didn\u2019t contain faeries with wings, but fairy tales  and faeries had been firmly relegated to the nursery.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">The industrial revolution also  sparked an interest in nature as a hobby in the middle class during  the Victorian era (1837-1901).\u00a0 We see this in the elaborate language  of flowers developed during this time, as well as the move from the  unstructured cottage flower garden to the highly structured formal flower  gardens that France and England still enjoy today. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">In depicting faeries as spirits  of nature (my favorite theory for the origin of faeries), Victorian  artists melded together these two enormous social changes.\u00a0 Faeries  began to take on the features of the children, flowers and insects found  in the nursery and the formal garden. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">We first begin to see a shift  in how faeries are viewed when Thomas Croker (1789-1854) describes elves  as being \u201ca few inches high, airy and almost transparent in body;  so delicate in their form that a dew drop, when they chance to dance  on it, trembles, indeed, but never breaks.\u201d\u00a0 He is a herald for  the Victorian era which is about to flower.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">In 1904, J.M. Barrie\u2019s play, <em> Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn\u2019t Grow Up<\/em>, appears on the stage  and is followed-up in novelized form in 1911.\u00a0 In the novel, Barrie  (1860-1937) describes Tinker Bell thus:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">It was not really  a light; it made this light by flashing about so quickly, but when it  came to rest for a second you saw it was a fairy, no longer than your  hand, but still growing.  It was a girl called Tinker Bell exquisitely  gowned in a skeleton leaf, cut low and square, through which her figure  could be seen to the best advantage.\u00a0 She was slightly inclined  to <em>embonpoint<\/em> [be voluptuous].<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">\u2026<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">&#8216;O Tink, did you  drink it to save me?&#8217;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">&#8216;Yes.&#8217;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">&#8216;But why, Tink?&#8217;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">Her <strong><em>wings<\/em><\/strong> [emphasis added] would scarcely carry her now, but in reply she alighted  on his shoulder and gave his chin a loving bite.\u00a0 She whispered  in his ear &#8216;You silly ass&#8217;; and then, tottering to her chamber, lay  down on the bed.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">Around the same time, Arthur  Rackham (1867-1939) began doing black and white line drawings for <em> Faerie Tales of the Brothers Grimm <\/em> and<em> Gulliver\u2019s Travels <\/em>(1900),<em> <\/em> and color plates for<em> Rip Van Winkle <\/em> and<em> Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens <\/em> (1905 and 1906, respectively).\u00a0 In 1908, he did 40 color plates  and 34 line drawings for Shakespeare\u2019s <em>A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream<\/em>.\u00a0  Despite the fact that there is not a single reference to winged faeries  in either <em>Rip Van Winkle, Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens<\/em>, or <em> A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream<\/em>, Rackham created captivating illustrations  of winged faeries.\u00a0 Nearly all of Rackham\u2019s winged faeries were  beautifully and delicate, even the ones which were insect-like, all  spindly and bug-eyed.\u00a0 He combined his exceptionally detailed butterfly  and dragonfly wings with classically flowing gowns and fabrics to create  a delightful sense of fluidity and movement.\u00a0 His faeries conveyed  a sense of graceful fun, and his illustrations are still popular today.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">While other artists of the  time contributed to the image of the winged fae, such as Richard Dadd  (1817-1886), John Fitzgerald (1819-1906), Richard Doyle (1824-1883),  Lancelot Speed (1860-1931), Warwick Goble (1862\u20131943), and Edmund  Dulac (1882-1953), Rackham\u2019s work forms the basis for much of the  winged faerie art of today.\u00a0 What all of these artists had in common,  however, was the ability to imbue their fae subjects with that special  quality that imparts the magic and glamour inherent in these child-like  faeries.\u00a0 These tiny, winged fae restore and nourish the sense  of wonder and suspension of disbelief we entertained as children.\u00a0  They help us feel playful and happy, and as Martha Stuart would say,  \u201cThat\u2019s a good thing.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">For me, no better archetypes  than the fae exist that so clearly personify the natural elements and  potential of our world and our existence, helping us to understand the  cycle of birth, sex, fertility and death.\u00a0 Wherever there is light,  there must dark be also.\u00a0 In the world of the fae, this rule holds  just as true as it does in ours.\u00a0 Although the graceful little  Victorian sprites whose wings shimmer and sparkle, who dance and flutter  among the flowers, may be relative newcomers to the scene, their coquettish  charm is just as vital to our understanding and appreciation of the  ongoing cycle of life as are the more ancient (and rather scary) archetypes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">I\u2019ll take my faeries just  as they come, with wings <em>or <\/em> without.\u00a0 It\u2019s all good.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\"><strong>Bibliography and Works  Cited\/Recommended Reading:<\/strong><\/span><\/ul>\n<ul><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">Barrie, J.M., <em>Peter  and Wendy<\/em>, EBook #26654, The Project Gutenberg, 2008 (<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; color: #0000ff; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">www.gutenberg.org<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">)<\/span><\/ul>\n<ul><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">Briggs, Katharine, <em>An  Encyclopedia of Faeries<\/em>, Pantheon Books, 1976<\/span><\/ul>\n<ul><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">Croker, Thomas Crofton, <em> Faerie Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland, The New Series  (Two Volumes in One)<\/em>, Printed for John Murray, London, 1914<\/span><\/ul>\n<ul><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">Franklin, Anna, <em>The  Illustrated Encyclopedia of Faeries,<\/em> Paper Tiger, 2004<\/span><\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">\u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/artpassions.wordpress.com\/2009\/06\/28\/how-did-fairies-get-their-wings\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; color: #0000ff; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">How  Did Faeries Get Their\u00a0Wings?<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">,\u201d  Art Passions Website, 2009<\/span><\/p>\n<ul><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">Meikle, Willie, \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/celticmythpodshow.com\/blog\/2008\/05\/08\/when-did-fairies-get-wings\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; color: #0000ff; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">When Did  Faeries Get Wings?<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\">,\u201d  Celtic Myth Podshow Website, 2008<\/span><\/ul>\n<ul><span style=\"font-family: Tempus Sans ITC; font-size: medium;\"><em>The Encyclopeadia Britannica,  Eleventh Edition<\/em>, Volume X, The Encyclopeadia Britannica Co., 1910<\/span><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do You Take Your Faeries With or Without Wings? Not very long ago, a new reader of my blog wrote me the following: I have to say that whenever I come across a word that is new to me, such as &#8220;Faerie&#8221;, I immediately &#8220;iconoclast&#8221; the current definition I have for it out of respect (which would be in my mind a faerie is &#8220;a feminine sprite of metaphysical quality, mischievious [sic] and clad somewhat in pink&#8221; with alternate spelling)\u2026 \u201cClad somewhat in pink.\u201d\u00a0 That description gave me a good giggle, but he left out wings.\u00a0 What do you think about faeries with wings?\u00a0 Are faeries with wings a valid archetype?\u00a0 If you read book reviews, you\u2019ll find quite a few people think faeries with wings are just so much fluff and aren\u2019t to be taken seriously.\u00a0 We\u2019ve all heard the derogatory term \u201cfluffy bunnies.\u201d Must we now deal with \u201cfluffy faeries,\u201d too? People all over the world, since time immemorial, have experienced the fae.\u00a0 What these beings looked like and how they acted may have varied from culture to culture, but one thing was consistent until the Victorian era:\u00a0 None possessed wings.\u00a0 Angels had bird-like wings and demons had bat-like wings, but there were no beings with petal-, leaf-, bee-, moth-, butterfly- or dragonfly-like wings. So how and why did faeries with wings pop into existence?\u00a0 Moreover, why are they still flitting about? In order to answer these questions, let us look back into history and examine the origins of the fae. Some hypothesize faeries were originally pagan deities (such as the Tuatha De Danann, who were human in appearance and had no wings).\u00a0 Another theory is that faeries were the souls of the dead (who were, naturally, thus human in appearance and had no wings).\u00a0 Still others think faeries arose from folk memories of aboriginal races (who were thus also human in appearance and had no wings).\u00a0 Another speculation is that faeries developed from the ancestral belief in an underworld (and why would creatures that lived underground have the need for flight or wings?).\u00a0 The best theory, in my opinion, is that faeries originated as spirits of nature (and thus explained unexplainable natural phenomena and could take on any characteristic out of necessity, which includes wings, but didn\u2019t until something required them). What humans fear or do not understand, they strive to explain as best they can.\u00a0 Just as the Sumerians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans had gods, goddesses, heroes and monsters to explain everything from lightning and ocean tempests to why spring always follows winter and how the sun returns each morning; all civilizations have to deal with these same problems and questions.\u00a0 Why should faeries not be responsible for or play a role in some of life\u2019s difficulties and wonders?\u00a0 In pre-Victorian ages, European peasantry blamed the fae for many natural \u201cdisasters\u201d or else sought them out for their magical powers or abilities. If the milk soured, it wasn\u2019t because someone let the milk get too warm and bacteria started to grow.\u00a0 No, clearly a boggart was at fault.\u00a0 Boggarts are dark and hairy, with long yellow teeth.\u00a0 Boggarts, please note, have no wings. If the bride or groom goes missing before their wedding, it wasn\u2019t because they eloped or one of them changed their mind.\u00a0 &#8216;Twas trows who stole one or both of them away.\u00a0 Trows are squat, misshapen and dress in grey.\u00a0 Trows do not have wings. If you find yourself lost in familiar territory, it can\u2019t be because you had a wee bit too much to drink or the fog is especially dense and the moon dark.\u00a0 Why not blame the pixies; you were \u201cpixie-led,\u201d for sure.\u00a0 Pixies dress all in green and are little, with red hair, pointed ears, turned up noses and short faces.\u00a0 Alas, pixies do not have wings, either. If your child disappears while playing on the shore of the local lake, you can\u2019t believe it was simply because they fell into the water, and being unable to swim, sadly drowned.\u00a0 No, a kelpie carried off your wee bairn.\u00a0 Kelpies appear as harmless grey horses, but once a rider is upon its back, the kelpie runs into the water, where it drowns and eats the rider.\u00a0 Kelpies are wingless, too. When things are going well and times are easy, it isn\u2019t simply because the weather has been perfect, no armies have plundered your village or farm, no virulent pestilence has ravaged the land, or you&#8217;re head-over-heels in love.\u00a0 Luckily, a brownie has moved into your home and farm to assist in cleaning and tidying up, threshing the grain and churning the milk.\u00a0 Brownies are small, shaggy-haired and ugly, with flat faces, wrinkled skin, pinhole nostrils, and short brown curly hair (though appearance varies from place to place).\u00a0 What they all have in common, though, is no wings, no wings at all. Throughout time, culture and literature, we find wingless fae beings.\u00a0 Greek heroes took nymphs as faerie wives.\u00a0 Australian aboriginals say a being called Kutchi appeared as whirls of dust.\u00a0 In Europe, dust whirls are the sign of a marching faerie army, while in the Middle East, the Djinn were the very dust storms themselves.\u00a0 The Greeks did have Pegasus and Nike, and the Romans had Cupid, but these were individuals, not an entire winged species.\u00a0 There are some notable exceptions:\u00a0 The first is griffins and harpies.\u00a0 Hesiod describes harpies as bird-women and thus neither of these \u201cmonsters\u201d fit into this article\u2019s definition of winged fae, both having feathers like angels.\u00a0 The second is dragons and gargoyles.\u00a0 Having leathery wings like bats, these \u201cmonsters\u201d also do not fit into this article\u2019s definition of winged fae.\u00a0 For the greater part, fae entities were anthropomorphic or bestial and got along very well without gossamer wings or fluttering about. It is my contention that the universal lack of fae with wings until the Victorian age was because there was no need for them, no role for them to play, nothing for their presence to explain.\u00a0 If we assume these fae have always been here, have people been too busy surviving to notice them or even know of their existence?\u00a0 If we assume these fae have not always existed, why did people start to see and believe in them?\u00a0 What happened? The industrial revolution is what happened, beginning in the late 1700s and culminating by the mid-1800s.\u00a0 The industrial revolution created the middle class, where before there were just two classes:\u00a0 the very rich (who had lots of leisure time) and everybody else (who had no leisure time). With the development of the middle class came a completely new set of conventions and pastimes, a completely new set of freedoms and restrictions, a result of not only a shift in wealth, but also a shift in leisure time.\u00a0 Whereas fairy tales had once been titillating, salacious and rather bloody amusements for the rich, they were now nicely sanitized morality tales suitable for children, thanks largely to the efforts of the Grimm brothers.\u00a0 Fairy tales still didn\u2019t contain faeries with wings, but fairy tales and faeries had been firmly relegated to the nursery. The industrial revolution also sparked an interest in nature as a hobby in the middle class during the Victorian era (1837-1901).\u00a0 We see this in the elaborate language of flowers developed during this time, as well as the move from the unstructured cottage flower garden to the highly structured formal flower gardens that France and England still enjoy today. In depicting faeries as spirits of nature (my favorite theory for the origin of faeries), Victorian artists melded together these two enormous social changes.\u00a0 Faeries began to take on the features of the children, flowers and insects found in the nursery and the formal garden. We first begin to see a shift in how faeries are viewed when Thomas Croker (1789-1854) describes elves as being \u201ca few inches high, airy and almost transparent in body; so delicate in their form that a dew drop, when they chance to dance on it, trembles, indeed, but never breaks.\u201d\u00a0 He is a herald for the Victorian era which is about to flower. In 1904, J.M. Barrie\u2019s play, Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn\u2019t Grow Up, appears on the stage and is followed-up in novelized form in 1911.\u00a0 In the novel, Barrie (1860-1937) describes Tinker Bell thus: It was not really a light; it made this light by flashing about so quickly, but when it came to rest for a second you saw it was a fairy, no longer than your hand, but still growing. It was a girl called Tinker Bell exquisitely gowned in a skeleton leaf, cut low and square, through which her figure could be seen to the best advantage.\u00a0 She was slightly inclined to embonpoint [be voluptuous]. \u2026 &#8216;O Tink, did you drink it to save me?&#8217; &#8216;Yes.&#8217; &#8216;But why, Tink?&#8217; Her wings [emphasis added] would scarcely carry her now, but in reply she alighted on his shoulder and gave his chin a loving bite.\u00a0 She whispered in his ear &#8216;You silly ass&#8217;; and then, tottering to her chamber, lay down on the bed. Around the same time, Arthur Rackham (1867-1939) began doing black and white line drawings for Faerie Tales of the Brothers Grimm and Gulliver\u2019s Travels (1900), and color plates for Rip Van Winkle and Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens (1905 and 1906, respectively).\u00a0 In 1908, he did 40 color plates and 34 line drawings for Shakespeare\u2019s A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream.\u00a0 Despite the fact that there is not a single reference to winged faeries in either Rip Van Winkle, Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, or A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream, Rackham created captivating illustrations of winged faeries.\u00a0 Nearly all of Rackham\u2019s winged faeries were beautifully and delicate, even the ones which were insect-like, all spindly and bug-eyed.\u00a0 He combined his exceptionally detailed butterfly and dragonfly wings with classically flowing gowns and fabrics to create a delightful sense of fluidity and movement.\u00a0 His faeries conveyed a sense of graceful fun, and his illustrations are still popular today. While other artists of the time contributed to the image of the winged fae, such as Richard Dadd (1817-1886), John Fitzgerald (1819-1906), Richard Doyle (1824-1883), Lancelot Speed (1860-1931), Warwick Goble (1862\u20131943), and Edmund Dulac (1882-1953), Rackham\u2019s work forms the basis for much of the winged faerie art of today.\u00a0 What all of these artists had in common, however, was the ability to imbue their fae subjects with that special quality that imparts the magic and glamour inherent in these child-like faeries.\u00a0 These tiny, winged fae restore and nourish the sense of wonder and suspension of disbelief we entertained as children.\u00a0 They help us feel playful and happy, and as Martha Stuart would say, \u201cThat\u2019s a good thing.\u201d For me, no better archetypes than the fae exist that so clearly personify the natural elements and potential of our world and our existence, helping us to understand the cycle of birth, sex, fertility and death.\u00a0 Wherever there is light, there must dark be also.\u00a0 In the world of the fae, this rule holds just as true as it does in ours.\u00a0 Although the graceful little Victorian sprites whose wings shimmer and sparkle, who dance and flutter among the flowers, may be relative newcomers to the scene, their coquettish charm is just as vital to our understanding and appreciation of the ongoing cycle of life as are the more ancient (and rather scary) archetypes. I\u2019ll take my faeries just as they come, with wings or without.\u00a0 It\u2019s all good. Bibliography and Works Cited\/Recommended Reading: Barrie, J.M., Peter and Wendy, EBook #26654, The Project Gutenberg, 2008 (www.gutenberg.org) Briggs, Katharine, An Encyclopedia of Faeries, Pantheon Books, 1976 Croker, Thomas Crofton, Faerie Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland, The New Series (Two Volumes in One), Printed for John Murray, London, 1914 Franklin, Anna, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Faeries, Paper Tiger, 2004 \u201cHow Did Faeries Get Their\u00a0Wings?,\u201d Art Passions Website, 2009 Meikle, Willie, \u201cWhen Did Faeries Get Wings?,\u201d Celtic Myth&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":2,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/71"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2756"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2756\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}