As this is my first year back as a practicing witch in many years, I wanted to re-learn the Pagan origins and celebrations of Lammas aka Lughnasadh. I keep seeing both names, but ignorant as to why some call it Lammas and some call it Lughnasadh. I was surprised to discover these two names were not always the same festival, however, got combined in the Wiccan community. This doesn\u2019t surprise me given that old European pagan practices were mostly lost to time, due to the absence of written language, records, and the destruction of cultural heritage by the Roman Empire. Therefore, it makes sense that the bits and pieces we\u2019ve been able to scrape together would come from different roots, but were similar enough to merge into one for modern day pagan celebrations.<\/p>\n
But does it matter?<\/p>\n
Well, I think that is up to you! It matters to me and here’s why: Lughnasadh has its roots in pre-Christian tradition and was a lively, game-filled festival, while Lammas, though possibly inspired by earlier pagan harvest rites, became a more somber Christian church feast focused on religious observance. One of the reasons I came back to my practice is because I wanted to stop observing Christian holidays (for now, maybe I\u2019ll change my mind later!). Also, as I will describe below, it seems the Christians may have adopted elements of these fun pagan harvest festivals and turned it into a duller version. So knowing that, I don’t want to give my power to Lammas. Ultimately, it may be impossible to reconstruct our ancient past completely, given the complexities of history and the influences that have reshaped our traditions over time. But we can do our best.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Origins<\/strong><\/p>\n Lughnasadh (pronounced LOO-nuh-sah, also called Lughnasa or L\u00fanasa) is an ancient Gaelic festival marking the beginning of the harvest season around August 1. Its name comes from the god Lugh and n\u00e1sad<\/em> meaning \u201cassembly\u201d or \u201cgathering\u201d or possibly n\u00e1s<\/em> \u201cdeath.” It was one of the four great Celtic fire festivals with Samhain, Imbolc, and Beltane which marked seasonal transitions. According to Irish myth, the hero-god Lugh founded this festival as a funeral feast and athletic competition to honor his foster-mother Tailtiu, an earth goddess who died of exhaustion after clearing Ireland\u2019s plains for agriculture. The gathering was held at \u00c1enach Tailteann<\/em> (Teltown in Co. Meath), and for centuries Lughnasadh was essentially an annual fair and sacred games in her memory as late as 1168 AD.<\/p>\n Early literature and folklore describe great assemblies featuring feasting, music, dancing, trading, horse races, athletic contests, and contests of skill. Activities included chariot racing, hurling, wrestling, spear-throwing and other sports. It was also a favored time for masss-matchmaking and trial marriages, or handfastings, that would last a year and a day then could either continue or be ended without consequence. Communities used Lughnasadh to renew social bonds and ensure cooperation for the intense harvest work ahead.<\/p>\n Folk Customs<\/strong><\/p>\n Although detailed druidic rites weren\u2019t written down, later folklore hints at spiritual practices of Lughnasadh. According to folklorist M\u00e1ire MacNeill\u2019s study The Festival of Lughnasa<\/em>, evidence suggests the ancient rites included an offering of the \u201cFirst Fruits\u201d harvested a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of a sacred bull, and even a ritual \u201cdance-play\u201d. Bonfires were kindled on hilltops, and young men would leap through the flames. In some legends, Lugh himself had to battle forces of blight or darkness to secure the harvest, later folk tales cast this as Lugh (or St. Patrick) defeating the malevolent Crom Dubh, who hoarded the grain wealth. Thus, Lughnasadh had a mythic theme of struggle and renewal, with Lugh ensuring the crops would sustain the people.<\/p>\n Lughnasadh traditions survived, often in Christianized forms, well into the 19th and 20th centuries. In Ireland, the first Sunday in August was often called \u201cBilberry Sunday,\u201d when people hiked up local hills to pick the first bilberries (wild blueberries) as a festive outing. Many places held \u201cGarland Sunday\u201d parades or fairs on this weekend, where the first harvest fruits and flowers were celebrated. The Reek Sunday pilgrimage to the top of Croagh Patrick on the last Sunday of July is believed to be a Christianized Lughnasa custom (St. Patrick taking Lugh\u2019s role atop the sacred mountain). Even today, Ireland\u2019s Puck Fair each August, where a wild goat is crowned king for three days, is thought to descend from Lughnasadh celebrations. In Gaelic Scotland, the festival, L\u00f9nastal, involved climbing hills and visiting holy wells, with offerings of flowers or first fruits left for local spirits and faeries. One Scottish custom was baking the \u201cBannock,\u201d a special round oatcake made on the first day of the quarter and ritually breaking it into pieces. In the Scottish Highlands, families would go to the fields and eat these quartered cakes; as they did, they cast bits over their shoulders as offerings to the wild creatures, saying \u201cHere to thee, wolf, spare my sheep; there to thee, fox, spare my lambs\u2026\u201d and so on. This practice embodied the pagan spirit of sharing the first fruits with nature. Such folklore shows how deeply the \u201cfirst harvest\u201d festivities ran through many communities. It was a time to enjoy the initial yield of crops, but also to be grateful and secure blessings for the remainder of the harvest season.<\/p>\n Spiritual Meaning<\/strong><\/p>\n At its heart, Lughnasadh signified that the carefree summer was ending and now the grain must be cut and stored to ensure survival in winter. There was gratitude, but also gravity. The alternate old Irish name for Lughnasadh was \u201cBr\u00f3n Trogain,\u201d meaning \u201cthe sorrow of the earth,\u201d suggesting that the earth goddess feels sorrow or labor pains as the crops are taken from her womb. In myth Lugh\u2019s foster-mother Tailtiu \u201cdies\u201d to give life to the people\u2019s fields. So, the festival balanced joy and sorrow: joy for the bounty combined with respect for the earth\u2019s sacrifice. Lughnasadh\u2019s agricultural rituals likely helped people spiritually cope with this annual turning point, giving thanks for the food received, and ritually \u201csacrificing\u201d a portion back to the land or deity to ensure future fertility. In sum, Lughnasadh was a vibrant pagan festival of community, competition, and communion with the land, one that persisted in folk memory even as Christianity reshaped Europe\u2019s cultural landscape.<\/p>\n Origins<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cLammas\u201d<\/em> comes from Old English \u201chlafmaesse,\u201d meaning \u201cLoaf-Mass\u201d for the church service, Mass, and the loaf of bread which was used for communion in the medieval church. In Anglo-Saxon England, Lammas was celebrated August 1st, which was described in Old English writings as \u201cthe feast of first fruits\u201d, yrfe-m\u00e6ssan<\/em> in some sources. Essentially, it was the Christianized first harvest celebration, when people brought the first baked loaf from the new wheat crop to the church to be blessed. It was also one of the \u201cQuarter Days\u201d which were four days of the year on the medieval calendar when legal, financial, and agricultural obligations were due. Tenants had to pay rent and taxes with either money, grain, or the harvest produce. (Leave it to the Christians to ruin a good time). This concept of land ownership and paying rent did not exist in the pagan- Celtic culture but was brought by Roman and Norman feudal systems.<\/p>\n This Christian holy day likely originated by the early medieval period, it’s mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other 10th-century texts. Lammas was primarily observed in England and English-influenced regions; it doesn\u2019t appear as a major festival in continental Europe, which is one reason Folklorist M\u00e1ire MacNeill suspects it may have assimilated the native Celtic festival, Lughnasadh. However, historian Ronald Hutton claims we will never know without the Anglo-Saxon religious calendar from before they arrived in Britain, which is impossible.<\/p>\n Another medieval name for August 1 was the \u201cGule of August,\u201d which 18th-century antiquaries suggested was an anglicization of Welsh Gw<\/em>yl Awst<\/em>, meaning \u201cFeast of August\u201d, implying the English Lammas absorbed elements of a Brittonic harvest feast. Whether or not Lammas has direct pagan roots, it became a fixture of the Christian agricultural calendar in Britain. It conveniently coincided with St. Peter\u2019s Day on August 1, and later with the Feast of St. Alphonsus Liguori when the Church reassigned feast days after 1969, but its key characteristic was always the blessing of the first grain.<\/p>\n Medieval Lammas Practices <\/strong><\/p>\n On Lammas Day, it was customary for farmers to bake a loaf from the freshly harvested grain, often wheat or rye, and bring it to church for a special blessing at mass. This blessed bread symbolized thanking God for the start of the harvest. In some accounts, after the service the loaf might be broken into four pieces and placed at the four corners of the barn to protect the gathered grain, seemingly a fusion of Christian ritual and folk magic. An 11th-century Anglo-Saxon book of charms contains instructions that on Lammas Day one should take \u201cthe hallowed bread\u2026 blessed on Lammas Day\u201d and crumble it in the barn\u2019s corners \u201cso that mice do not harm the sheaves\u201d. This shows how people used superstition or ritual as protection against pests. Lammas also unofficially marked the time when the community\u2019s food supplies would turn the corner from old to new. As one historian notes, by late July the previous year\u2019s grain stores were often running low, so the new harvest \u201cbegan a season of plenty\u201d, with everyone relieved to have fresh bread again. It was a time of hard work, but also a time of \u201ccompany in the fields, reaping in teams\u201d. Lammas was more centered on formal church services rather the festive games and activities celebrated for Lughnasadh. However, there are some quaint customs that at the very end of the harvest, which usually concluded Lammas, such as English villagers would turn a sheep loose in the meadow and whoever caught it got to keep it.<\/p>\n Folklore and Legacy<\/strong><\/p>\n Lammas continued as an acknowledged day through medieval and early modern times in Britain. Many towns held \u201cLammas fairs\u201d or markets around early August.\u00a0 Lammas has even been mentioned in literature such as Shakespeare\u2019s Romeo and Juliet:<\/em> \u201cCome Lammas Eve at night shall she (Juliet) be fourteen,\u201d stating Juliet\u2019s birthday on Lammas Eve, July 31, which shows Lammas was a calendar marker to Elizabethan audiences. By the 19th and 20th centuries, explicit Lammas church services had waned in many areas, but the term and its legacy persisted, especially revived by folklorists and, later, neopagans.<\/p>\n Overtime<\/strong><\/p>\n Over time, these two traditions began to blur. In Christianized Ireland and Scotland Lughnasadh fairs were often renamed or aligned with Lammas. Medieval Irish texts casually used the term \u201cLammas\u201d to refer to August 1st. Some areas didn\u2019t allow harvesting before Lammas, not because of Lugh, but to show gratitude to God, indicating that Lammas had influenced Gaelic harvest customs.<\/p>\n Today, modern Pagan and Wiccan communities often use Lammas and Lughnasadh interchangeably in the Wheel of the Year. In the 20th century, Wiccan founder Gerald Gardner and other early Neopagans adopted the \u201cWheel of the Year\u201d, which combined four Celtic fire festivals Samhain, Imbolc, Beltane, Lughnasadh with the solstices and equinoxes. Initially, the August festival was often called \u201cLammas\u201d<\/strong> in Wiccan texts, due to its English familiarity, but later generations, seeking deeper historical roots, increasingly embraced the name \u201cLughnasadh\u201d to reconnect with pre-Christian origins. As a result, Lammas and Lughnasadh became widely interchangeable in Wiccan and Pagan circles.<\/p>\n Overall, I don’t think\u00a0 being politically correct about the name is that important because the meaning of the holiday in modern paganism is the same. However, I strive to be intentional with my practice and that is why this matters to me personally.<\/p>\n Go raibh an f\u00f3mhar torrach is beannaithe <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Sources:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" As this is my first year back as a practicing witch in many years, I wanted to re-learn the Pagan origins and celebrations of Lammas aka Lughnasadh. I keep seeing both names, but ignorant as to why some call it Lammas and some call it Lughnasadh. I was surprised to discover these two names were not always the same festival, however, got combined in the Wiccan community. This doesn\u2019t surprise me given that old European pagan practices were mostly lost to time, due to the absence of written language, records, and the destruction of cultural heritage by the Roman Empire. Therefore, it makes sense that the bits and pieces we\u2019ve been able to scrape together would come from different roots, but were similar enough to merge into one for modern day pagan celebrations. But does it matter? Well, I think that is up to you! It matters to me and here’s why: Lughnasadh has its roots in pre-Christian tradition and was a lively, game-filled festival, while Lammas, though possibly inspired by earlier pagan harvest rites, became a more somber Christian church feast focused on religious observance. One of the reasons I came back to my practice is because I wanted to stop observing Christian holidays (for now, maybe I\u2019ll change my mind later!). Also, as I will describe below, it seems the Christians may have adopted elements of these fun pagan harvest festivals and turned it into a duller version. So knowing that, I don’t want to give my power to Lammas. Ultimately, it may be impossible to reconstruct our ancient past completely, given the complexities of history and the influences that have reshaped our traditions over time. But we can do our best. Lughnasadh Origins Lughnasadh (pronounced LOO-nuh-sah, also called Lughnasa or L\u00fanasa) is an ancient Gaelic festival marking the beginning of the harvest season around August 1. Its name comes from the god Lugh and n\u00e1sad meaning \u201cassembly\u201d or \u201cgathering\u201d or possibly n\u00e1s \u201cdeath.” It was one of the four great Celtic fire festivals with Samhain, Imbolc, and Beltane which marked seasonal transitions. According to Irish myth, the hero-god Lugh founded this festival as a funeral feast and athletic competition to honor his foster-mother Tailtiu, an earth goddess who died of exhaustion after clearing Ireland\u2019s plains for agriculture. The gathering was held at \u00c1enach Tailteann (Teltown in Co. Meath), and for centuries Lughnasadh was essentially an annual fair and sacred games in her memory as late as 1168 AD. Early literature and folklore describe great assemblies featuring feasting, music, dancing, trading, horse races, athletic contests, and contests of skill. Activities included chariot racing, hurling, wrestling, spear-throwing and other sports. It was also a favored time for masss-matchmaking and trial marriages, or handfastings, that would last a year and a day then could either continue or be ended without consequence. Communities used Lughnasadh to renew social bonds and ensure cooperation for the intense harvest work ahead. Folk Customs Although detailed druidic rites weren\u2019t written down, later folklore hints at spiritual practices of Lughnasadh. According to folklorist M\u00e1ire MacNeill\u2019s study The Festival of Lughnasa, evidence suggests the ancient rites included an offering of the \u201cFirst Fruits\u201d harvested a feast of the new food, the sacrifice of a sacred bull, and even a ritual \u201cdance-play\u201d. Bonfires were kindled on hilltops, and young men would leap through the flames. In some legends, Lugh himself had to battle forces of blight or darkness to secure the harvest, later folk tales cast this as Lugh (or St. Patrick) defeating the malevolent Crom Dubh, who hoarded the grain wealth. Thus, Lughnasadh had a mythic theme of struggle and renewal, with Lugh ensuring the crops would sustain the people. Lughnasadh traditions survived, often in Christianized forms, well into the 19th and 20th centuries. In Ireland, the first Sunday in August was often called \u201cBilberry Sunday,\u201d when people hiked up local hills to pick the first bilberries (wild blueberries) as a festive outing. Many places held \u201cGarland Sunday\u201d parades or fairs on this weekend, where the first harvest fruits and flowers were celebrated. The Reek Sunday pilgrimage to the top of Croagh Patrick on the last Sunday of July is believed to be a Christianized Lughnasa custom (St. Patrick taking Lugh\u2019s role atop the sacred mountain). Even today, Ireland\u2019s Puck Fair each August, where a wild goat is crowned king for three days, is thought to descend from Lughnasadh celebrations. In Gaelic Scotland, the festival, L\u00f9nastal, involved climbing hills and visiting holy wells, with offerings of flowers or first fruits left for local spirits and faeries. One Scottish custom was baking the \u201cBannock,\u201d a special round oatcake made on the first day of the quarter and ritually breaking it into pieces. In the Scottish Highlands, families would go to the fields and eat these quartered cakes; as they did, they cast bits over their shoulders as offerings to the wild creatures, saying \u201cHere to thee, wolf, spare my sheep; there to thee, fox, spare my lambs\u2026\u201d and so on. This practice embodied the pagan spirit of sharing the first fruits with nature. Such folklore shows how deeply the \u201cfirst harvest\u201d festivities ran through many communities. It was a time to enjoy the initial yield of crops, but also to be grateful and secure blessings for the remainder of the harvest season. Spiritual Meaning At its heart, Lughnasadh signified that the carefree summer was ending and now the grain must be cut and stored to ensure survival in winter. There was gratitude, but also gravity. The alternate old Irish name for Lughnasadh was \u201cBr\u00f3n Trogain,\u201d meaning \u201cthe sorrow of the earth,\u201d suggesting that the earth goddess feels sorrow or labor pains as the crops are taken from her womb. In myth Lugh\u2019s foster-mother Tailtiu \u201cdies\u201d to give life to the people\u2019s fields. So, the festival balanced joy and sorrow: joy for the bounty combined with respect for the earth\u2019s sacrifice. Lughnasadh\u2019s agricultural rituals likely helped people spiritually cope with this annual turning point, giving thanks for the food received, and ritually \u201csacrificing\u201d a portion back to the land or deity to ensure future fertility. In sum, Lughnasadh was a vibrant pagan festival of community, competition, and communion with the land, one that persisted in folk memory even as Christianity reshaped Europe\u2019s cultural landscape. Lammas Anglo-Saxon and Medieval England Origins \u201cLammas\u201d comes from Old English \u201chlafmaesse,\u201d meaning \u201cLoaf-Mass\u201d for the church service, Mass, and the loaf of bread which was used for communion in the medieval church. In Anglo-Saxon England, Lammas was celebrated August 1st, which was described in Old English writings as \u201cthe feast of first fruits\u201d, yrfe-m\u00e6ssan in some sources. Essentially, it was the Christianized first harvest celebration, when people brought the first baked loaf from the new wheat crop to the church to be blessed. It was also one of the \u201cQuarter Days\u201d which were four days of the year on the medieval calendar when legal, financial, and agricultural obligations were due. Tenants had to pay rent and taxes with either money, grain, or the harvest produce. (Leave it to the Christians to ruin a good time). This concept of land ownership and paying rent did not exist in the pagan- Celtic culture but was brought by Roman and Norman feudal systems. This Christian holy day likely originated by the early medieval period, it’s mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other 10th-century texts. Lammas was primarily observed in England and English-influenced regions; it doesn\u2019t appear as a major festival in continental Europe, which is one reason Folklorist M\u00e1ire MacNeill suspects it may have assimilated the native Celtic festival, Lughnasadh. However, historian Ronald Hutton claims we will never know without the Anglo-Saxon religious calendar from before they arrived in Britain, which is impossible. Another medieval name for August 1 was the \u201cGule of August,\u201d which 18th-century antiquaries suggested was an anglicization of Welsh Gwyl Awst, meaning \u201cFeast of August\u201d, implying the English Lammas absorbed elements of a Brittonic harvest feast. Whether or not Lammas has direct pagan roots, it became a fixture of the Christian agricultural calendar in Britain. It conveniently coincided with St. Peter\u2019s Day on August 1, and later with the Feast of St. Alphonsus Liguori when the Church reassigned feast days after 1969, but its key characteristic was always the blessing of the first grain. Medieval Lammas Practices On Lammas Day, it was customary for farmers to bake a loaf from the freshly harvested grain, often wheat or rye, and bring it to church for a special blessing at mass. This blessed bread symbolized thanking God for the start of the harvest. In some accounts, after the service the loaf might be broken into four pieces and placed at the four corners of the barn to protect the gathered grain, seemingly a fusion of Christian ritual and folk magic. An 11th-century Anglo-Saxon book of charms contains instructions that on Lammas Day one should take \u201cthe hallowed bread\u2026 blessed on Lammas Day\u201d and crumble it in the barn\u2019s corners \u201cso that mice do not harm the sheaves\u201d. This shows how people used superstition or ritual as protection against pests. Lammas also unofficially marked the time when the community\u2019s food supplies would turn the corner from old to new. As one historian notes, by late July the previous year\u2019s grain stores were often running low, so the new harvest \u201cbegan a season of plenty\u201d, with everyone relieved to have fresh bread again. It was a time of hard work, but also a time of \u201ccompany in the fields, reaping in teams\u201d. Lammas was more centered on formal church services rather the festive games and activities celebrated for Lughnasadh. However, there are some quaint customs that at the very end of the harvest, which usually concluded Lammas, such as English villagers would turn a sheep loose in the meadow and whoever caught it got to keep it. Folklore and Legacy Lammas continued as an acknowledged day through medieval and early modern times in Britain. Many towns held \u201cLammas fairs\u201d or markets around early August.\u00a0 Lammas has even been mentioned in literature such as Shakespeare\u2019s Romeo and Juliet: \u201cCome Lammas Eve at night shall she (Juliet) be fourteen,\u201d stating Juliet\u2019s birthday on Lammas Eve, July 31, which shows Lammas was a calendar marker to Elizabethan audiences. By the 19th and 20th centuries, explicit Lammas church services had waned in many areas, but the term and its legacy persisted, especially revived by folklorists and, later, neopagans. Overtime Over time, these two traditions began to blur. In Christianized Ireland and Scotland Lughnasadh fairs were often renamed or aligned with Lammas. Medieval Irish texts casually used the term \u201cLammas\u201d to refer to August 1st. Some areas didn\u2019t allow harvesting before Lammas, not because of Lugh, but to show gratitude to God, indicating that Lammas had influenced Gaelic harvest customs. Today, modern Pagan and Wiccan communities often use Lammas and Lughnasadh interchangeably in the Wheel of the Year. In the 20th century, Wiccan founder Gerald Gardner and other early Neopagans adopted the \u201cWheel of the Year\u201d, which combined four Celtic fire festivals Samhain, Imbolc, Beltane, Lughnasadh with the solstices and equinoxes. Initially, the August festival was often called \u201cLammas\u201d in Wiccan texts, due to its English familiarity, but later generations, seeking deeper historical roots, increasingly embraced the name \u201cLughnasadh\u201d to reconnect with pre-Christian origins. As a result, Lammas and Lughnasadh became widely interchangeable in Wiccan and Pagan circles. Overall, I don’t think\u00a0 being politically correct about the name is that important because the meaning of the holiday in modern paganism is the same. However, I strive to be intentional with my practice and that is why this matters to me personally. Go raibh an f\u00f3mhar torrach is beannaitheMay the harvest be fertile and blessed Sources: Boston Public Library \u2013 \u201cOrigins and Practices of Lammas\/Lughnasad\u201d bpl.org\u00a0 Wikipedia \u2013 \u201cLughnasadh\u201d https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lughnasadh Wikipedia \u2013 \u201cLammas\u201d (Anglo-Saxon Loaf-Mass history) en.wikipedia.org Irish Times \u2013 \u201cThe story of L\u00e1 Lughnasa (harvest festival)\u201d irishtimes.com \u201cA Clerk of Oxford\u201d blog \u2013 “A little History of Lammas”, Anglo-Saxon…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":299,"featured_media":32145,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":13,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10008,10009,1],"tags":[10225,10412,10270,12059,12058,10378],"class_list":["post-32132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spells-rituals","category-this-months-holiday","category-uncategorized","tag-gaelic","tag-history","tag-holiday","tag-lammas","tag-lughnasadh","tag-pagan"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/299"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32132"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32144,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32132\/revisions\/32144"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paganpages.org\/emagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Lammas<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Anglo-Saxon and Medieval England<\/strong><\/h4>\n
May the harvest be fertile and blessed<\/em><\/p>\n\n